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Russula silvestris; Sickener   

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Russula silvestris
Russula silvestris
Sickener 		Photographer: Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy

ID: 0000 0000 1119 0213 (2019-11-03)

Copyright © 2019 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
 
INFORMATION PROVIDED WITH THE PHOTO
  • date of photo  Oct 22, 2019
  • latitude 46.35957   longitude 13.70454     View on Google Maps.
  • location   Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soča and Trenta; right bank of river Soča; near Skokar farmhouse, Trenta 2; East Julian Alps (Posočje, Slovenia)
  • notes   Slo.: bljuvna golobica, mahov različek - syn.: Russula emetica ssp. silvestris. (Singer) Reumaux, Russula emetica ssp. emeticella (Singer) Singer, Russula emetica var. silvestris Singer, Russula emeticella (Singer) Romagn,, Russula emeticella var. splendens Reumaux - Habitat: mixed wood; Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, east aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; in shade; fairly dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.820 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: The number of species in the genus Russula is estimated to about 500 worldwide (Ref.: 2), many of which are not well characterized. Among them over 100 species have vividly red pileus. If we count only those, which have in addition a completely white stem, still about 80 species remain (Ref.: 1). To determine a find to species level is therefore not an easy task. - This find almost certainly belongs to subgenus Russula (Pers.: Fr.) Bon, section Emeticinae, Melzer & Zvara (Ref.: 2). Spore are rather small and correspond to two species listed in Ref.:2: Russula emetica var. sylvestris = Russula silvestris (current name according to Index Fungorum) and Russula emetica var. grisescens. The last one is much bigger than this find and also has grayish stipe. Several other species have been also considered. Russula luteotacta was tentatively proposed (Ref. 1) since habit, habitat and particularly hut colors correspond well to this find (spot wise fading to pinkish and whitish with older specimens). However, gills are not broadly attached or +/- decurrent as they should be with R. luteotacta (Ref.:3). Also similar Russula mairei Sing. was considered. However, measured spores seems to be too broad (5.2-6.6 µm for Russula mairei (Ref.3)). It also has slightly beige spore print and grows on damp soil, which doesn't fit to this find. - We determined this find to Russula silvestris. This species is found primarily near conifers (particularly Pinus) but also in hardwood and mixed forests including near Fagus and Picea trees (Ref. 3). Nevertheless, the confidence of the determination is not high. Chemical tests and more microscopy would be needed for a more reliable result. - Growing solitary and scattered; 10 + pilei on an area of about two m2; pilei diameter 2.9 – 6 cm, hut cuticle peels to about 50% of pilei radius and above; gills bruise slightly yellowish after a longer time (several hours); stipe 2 -4.5 cm long and 0.8 -1.2 cm in diameter; smell almost none, taste very hot, instant and long lasting; SP abundant, white, oac909. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions (7,4) 7,9 - 9,1 (10,1) × (5,9) 6,4 - 7,2 (7,8) µm; Q = (1,1) 1,2 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 8,5 × 6,9 µm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Slavko Šerod, Mycological association Lisička, Maribor., www.gobe.si (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Württembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 555. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 198 and p168. (4) T.Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sep2004.html (accessed Oct.13. 2019) (5) https://wwww.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/Speitaeubling.htm (accessed Nov. 2. 2019)
  • camera   Sony ILCE6000 / Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar E 16-70 mm/f4
  • contributor's ID #  Bot_1265/2019_DSC01802
  • photo category: Fungi - fungi

    • MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS FUNGUS
  • common names   Sickener, Vomiting Russula (photographer)
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    • The photographer's identification Russula silvestris has not been reviewed. Click here to review or comment on the identification.

     
    Using this photo   The thumbnail photo (128x192 pixels) on this page may be freely used for personal or academic purposes without prior permission under the Fair Use provisions of US copyright law as long as the photo is clearly credited with © 2019 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy. For other uses, or if you have questions, contact Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy amadej.trnkoczy[AT]siol.net. (Replace the [AT] with the @ symbol before sending an email.)


     

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