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Ophrys sphegodes
Early Spider-orchid
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Photographer: Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
ID: 0000 0000 1018 1363 (2018-10-20)Copyright © 2018 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
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INFORMATION PROVIDED WITH THE PHOTO
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date of photo Apr 16, 2008
latitude 46.04433 longitude 13.52808
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location
About 200 m line of sight north-west of village Kožbana, next to the road leading west, (Goriška Brda, Slovenia)notes Slo.:osjeliko mačje uho - syn.: Ophrys aranifera Huds, Ophrys fucifera Curtis - Habitat: dry grassland next to a local road; slightly inclined hill slope, south-east aspect; calcareous ground; full sun; exposed to direct rain; elevation 300 m (980 feet); average precipitations 1.800-2.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Ophrys sphegodes is a very variable species. Consequently, authors have much different approaches to its taxonomy. For example, Baumann (Ref.:2) describes about 15 subspecies of Ophrys sphegodes, while Kretzschmar (Ref.:3) and O. Sebald et al (Ref.:6) describe only two of them. The plant is mostly a South-European species, but it grows scattered up to Denmark to the north. In Germany it is very rare, in Bayern almost extinct (Ref.7). In most regions it is in decline. A single artificial fertilization of grassland (particularly with manure) kills it for a very long time if not for ever. In spite of the fact that it is a very early blooming species, too early moving of grassland is a second most important threat to it. It prevents the plant to produce seeds. In Slovenia one can still find it sparsely scattered almost in the whole country, most often on half-dry, unmaintained meadows, among scattered trees and in light woods. The plant's flowers simulate the form of female insect. Male insets trying to copulate with the flowers disseminate pollen among plants and hence take care about plant's propagation instead of their own. Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst v rdeči seznam, Uradni list RS, št. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'V' representing a vulnerable species. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar, www.orhideje.si (2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 194. (3) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 202. (4) B. Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 139. (5) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 775. (6) O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wӧrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 408. (7) W. Wücherpfennig, C. Beyer, A. Riechelmann, Die Orchideen Bayerns, AHO Bayern e.V. (2014) p 310. (8) http://www.ophrys-genus.be/b15.htm (accessed Oct.20. 2018)camera Nikon D70 /Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8
contributor's ID # Bot_254/2008_DSC7008 photo category: Plant - annual/perennial
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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PLANT
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| common names
Early Spider-orchid (photographer)
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