|
|
click photo for larger file
Euphrasia rostkoviana
Eyebright, Eyewort
|
Photographer: Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
ID: 0000 0000 0321 2790 (2021-03-22)Copyright © 2021 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
|
|
INFORMATION PROVIDED WITH THE PHOTO
|
date of photo Sep 15, 2019
latitude 46.35993 longitude 13.70712
View on Google Maps.
location
Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soča and Trenta, right bank of river Soča; near Otokar farmhouse, Trenta 4; East Julian Alps (Posočje, Slovenia)notes Slo.: navadna smetlika - syn.: Euphrasia officinalis L. ssp. rostkoviana, Euphrasia pratensis Fr. - Habitat: extensively used grassland, mowed once a year (exceptionally two times), fertilized once a year with barn manure; flat terrain; full sun, moderately dry and shallow soil on calcareous, alluvial deposits; elevation 540 m (1.770 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comment: (relates to the album Euphrasia rostkoviana): Eyebrights (Euphrasia) species are easy to recognize on genus level by their beautiful and typical flowers but extremely difficult for determination on species level (and lower taxonomical levels). They are very variable and hybridize frequently. Botanists have not yet reached a consensus about the number of different taxa in the genus In 1753 Linnaeus started official naming of these plants with two species – Euphrasia officinalis and Euphrasia tricuspidata. The former one was, of cause, a collective name for a 'sea' of different varieties and forms. Later the number of recognized and described taxa grew gradually. So, in 1896 R. von Wettstein (Ref.4) wrote an exhaustive world revision of the genus (about 350-page book!). He described already over hundred taxa. Yeo (Ref.3) described 48 European species in 1978 and in 2008 Vitek in Fischer et al. (Ref.1) estimates about 170 species worldwide and about 47 in Europe. Nomenclature is huge and veered. Already at the end of 19th century more than 500 different names were known, some of them applied to different taxa as well as several different once applied to the same taxon. - Euphrasia rostkoviana is originally an European floral element. It is one of the most common species of this genus in Europe. It can be found wild from Spain to Ural Mountains and from Scandinavia to Turkey. It is a semi-parasitic plant partly taking water and nutrients from roots of neighboring plants, most often grasses. Its medical uses are widely known. It has traditionally been used to relieve eye irritations and to treat seasonal allergies or hay fever among others. - Note the following characteristic traits of this species: erect habit, much longer cauline internodes than the subtending leaves, long glandular hairs on leaves and calyx (and some on stalk too), ovate or orbicular leaves with 2-4 teeth on each side with rounded or broadly cuneate base, teeth about as long as broad with convex sides and not acuminate or aristate apex, relatively large corolla, lower lip no longer than 1.5x upper lip, the flower tube extended at the end of anthese (see Fig.1 and 2), length of the capsule less than two times its width, slightly shorter than calyx and emarginate at the apex and finally, typical habitat. - Ref. (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 752. (2) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 564. (3) P.F. Yeo, A taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in Europe, (1978) Bot. Journ. of the Linneae Soc, 77:223-334. (4) R.V. Wettstein, Monographie der Gattung Euphrasia(1986), Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.camera Sony ILCE6000 / Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar E 16-70 mm/f4
contributor's ID # Bot_1252/2019_DSC7660 photo category: Plant - annual/perennial
|
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PLANT
|
| common names
Eyebright, Eyewort (photographer)
View all photos in CalPhotos of Euphrasia rostkoviana Check Google Images for Euphrasia rostkoviana |
|
The photographer's identification Euphrasia rostkoviana has not been reviewed. Click here to review or comment on the identification. |
|
Using this photo The thumbnail photo (128x192 pixels) on this page may be freely used for personal or academic purposes without prior permission under the Fair Use provisions of US copyright law as long as the photo is clearly credited with © 2021 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy.
For other uses, or if you have questions, contact Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy amadej.trnkoczy[AT]siol.net. (Replace the [AT] with the @ symbol before sending an email.) |
|
|